The Law of Guarantees on 13 May 1871 and decrees applying to this required that for newly appointed bishops to enter into possession – the so-called temporalities – they had to present the Minister with the original decree of appointment and formally ask for the exequatur to be granted. This act, in the Holy See’s judgement, implied recognising the Kingdom of Italy which came into being in 1861, and included part of the Papal States ‘illegally’ taken from the Pontiff.
One of the most difficult conflicts to resolve in relationships between the Holy
See and the new Kingdom of Italy was that of the dozens of Episcopal sees left vacant
for political reasons. Both parties were aware of the seriousness of the situation, but
attempts to exit from the situation were shipwrecked by the persistent serious friction
brought about by proclaiming a Kingdom which comprised territories taken from
the Papal States (1861). Only in 1865-1867 did a process of détente coming
into place, where, having overcome mutual resistance, the Holy See succeeded in
appointing many bishops with the agreement of authorities of the Kingdom.
In the years from 1853 to 1862, Valdocco was transformed from a festive Oratory—an open institution—into a complex work: hospice and boarding, college with boarding section, trade workshops, internal classes and publishing centre, amongst the most important sections.
In 1863, Saint John Bosco undertook a pivotal study by founding the Mirabello College and crafting meticulous regulations for its governance. These regulations, initially handwritten and later printed, were intended as the foundational statute for future institutions. Continue reading “Giovanni Bosco – “First salesian colleges founded outside Turin (1863-1864)” in “Salesian Sources 1. Don Bosco and his work. Collected Works””
Amongst the more original practices put in place as part of the educational praxis at Valdocco, and maintained in the Salesian tradition that then followed from it, we would have to highlight the “Goodnights”: brief “talks” or “short speeches” after night prayers. Don Bosco addressed the pupils in the presence of their educators (superiors of the house, teachers assistants), in a familiar way using simple and attractive language.
In the years immediately preceding and following Italian Unity (1858-1866), Don Bosco kept constantly in touch with Pius IX by letter. He did this not only for interests directly relating to his work, but also in reference to the worrying situation the Church was going through in Piedmont, to encourage him in his defence of the faith against the enemies of religion, and to pass on to him any likely reserved information in his possession. Continue reading “Giovanni Bosco – “Confidential letters to the Pope concerning the political situation (1858-1867, 1873)” in “Salesian Sources 1. Don Bosco and his work. Collected work””
This passage delves into the historical and biographical narrative titled “The Sway of a Good Upbringing,” a pivotal document commencing the representation of Don Bosco’s genuine experiences as an educator. Continue reading “Giovanni Bosco – “Educational experiences in the school and family setting (1855)” in “Salesian Sources 1. Don Bosco and his work. Collected works””
The Confidential Reminders, originating from a letter to Fr. Michael Rua in 1863, evolved into a comprehensive guideline for Salesian rectors, directors, and educators. Initially a private letter providing guidance for the new Salesian house in Mirabello Monferrato, it expanded and became the “Confidential Reminders for Rectors of Individual Houses of the Salesian Society” by 1871. Continue reading “Giovanni Bosco – “Guidelines for running salesian houses (1863-1887)” in “Salesian Sources 1. Don Bosco and his work. Collected works””
On April 3, 1874, Pope Pius IX definitively approved the Constitutions of the Society of St Francis de Sales and on the following April 13 the competent Congregation of Bishops and Regulars promulgated the relevant decree.
Don Bosco, at the advice of his spiritual director, St Joseph Cafasso from autumn 1844 to summer 1846 lived at the Barolo Refuge as chaplain of the Little Hospital of St Philomena, opened in August 1845. In the same place and in other temporary places not far from Valdocco, he carried out his early priestly ministry on behalf of boys, mostly immigrant lads who had no parish of reference. Continue reading “Giovanni Bosco – “Beginning, extension and charismatic and institutional consolidation of the work at Valdocco” in “Salesian Sources 1. Don Bosco and his work. Collected works””
Nella terza sezione, si evidenzia l’attenzione di Don Bosco verso il popolo, i cattolici impegnati e i Cooperatori salesiani laici ed ecclesiastici. Egli sottolinea lo spirito che dovrebbe animare il buon cristiano nel mondo, evidenziando l’importanza dell’attività nella carità e della coerenza con la propria fede. Continue reading “Giovanni Bosco – “Sezione terza. Orientamenti per un cristianesimo coerente e d’azione” in “Fonti Salesiane 1. Don Bosco e la sua opera. Raccolta ontologica””
La prima sezione della Parte terza, offre una panoramica delle risorse che riflettono la pedagogia spirituale di don Bosco e la sua capacità di guidare i giovani verso una vita cristiana autentica e gioiosa. Sottolinea la necessità di utilizzare una varietà di materiali come sussidi stampati, testimonianze biografiche e interventi formativi, che sono importanti per individuare una visione chiara della vita cristiana e specifiche tematiche ricorrenti. Continue reading “Giovanni Bosco – “Sezione prima. Orientamenti di vita spirituale per i giovani” in “Fonti Salesiane 1. Don Bosco e la sua opera. Raccolta ontologica””
Questa sezione costituisce una raccolta cronologica di 29 scritti di Don Bosco e documenti relativi all’Opera Salesiana nel periodo che va dal 1846 al 1888. Questi testi sono stati selezionati per il loro valore intrinseco, le informazioni cruciali che contengono e il ruolo significativo che hanno nella storia biografica di Don Bosco e nello sviluppo dell’Opera Salesiana. Continue reading “Giovanni Bosco – “Sezione prima. Da casa Pinardi alla Patagonia” in “Fonti Salesiane 1. Don Bosco e la sua opera. Raccolta ontologica””
L’apertura delle Scuole Professionali da parte di Don Bosco portò immediatamente al problema delle maestranze tecniche. Se inizialmente Don Bosco si era accontentato di mezzi di fortuna per soddisfare le esigenze del momento, non continuò a fare affidamento al caso. Si impegnò subito a trovare guide qualificate per i suoi giovani, permettendo loro di avere una maggiore libertà di movimento e garantendo al contempo il successo nell’apprendimento. Continue reading “Michele Molineris – “Il Magistero professionale grafico” in “Il mondo grafico di Don Bosco””
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